Quinine
Qualaquin, Quinine (quinine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Quinine was first approved as Qualaquin on 2005-08-12. It is used to treat babesiosis, falciparum malaria, malaria, and muscle cramp in the USA. It is known to target equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2, and potassium channel subfamily K member 18.
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Commercial
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Quinine (discontinued: Qualaquin, Quinine)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
New Drug Application (NDA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Quinine sulfate
Tradename | Company | Number | Date | Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUALAQUIN | Sun Pharmaceutical Industries | N-021799 DISCN | 2005-08-12 | 1 products, RLD |
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FDA
EMA
Brand Name | Status | Last Update |
|---|---|---|
| qualaquin | New Drug Application | 2013-04-23 |
| quinine sulfate | ANDA | 2025-09-16 |
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication | Ontology | MeSH | ICD-10 |
|---|---|---|---|
| malaria | EFO_0001068 | D008288 | B54 |
| falciparum malaria | EFO_0007444 | D016778 | B50 |
| muscle cramp | — | D009120 | — |
| babesiosis | EFO_0007162 | D001404 | B60.0 |
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
No data
ATC Codes
M: Musculo-skeletal system drugs
— M09: Other drugs for disorders of the musculo-skeletal system in atc
— M09A: Other drugs for disorders of the musculo-skeletal system in atc
— M09AA: Quinine and derivatives for disorders of the musculo-skeletal system
— M09AA72: Quinine, combinations with psycholeptics
P: Antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents
— P01: Antiprotozoals
— P01B: Antimalarials
— P01BC: Methanolquinolines, antimalarial
— P01BC01: Quinine
HCPCS
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Clinical
Clinical Trials
65 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaria | D008288 | EFO_0001068 | B54 | — | 6 | 8 | 6 | 9 | 28 |
| Obesity | D009765 | EFO_0001073 | E66.9 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 4 | 8 |
| Anemia | D000740 | EFO_0004272 | D64.9 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 2 |
| Overweight | D050177 | — | E66.3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 |
| Follicular lymphoma | D008224 | — | C82 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 3
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Falciparum malaria | D016778 | EFO_0007444 | B50 | — | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | 6 |
| Cerebral malaria | D016779 | — | B50.0 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| Covid-19 | D000086382 | — | U07.1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
| Disease susceptibility | D004198 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| X-linked combined immunodeficiency diseases | D053632 | EFO_1001451 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Immunologic deficiency syndromes | D007153 | — | D84.9 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid-related disorders | D009293 | EFO_0005611 | F11 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Narcotic-related disorders | D000079524 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Chronic pain | D059350 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Patient compliance | D010349 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Compliance | D003187 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Cystic fibrosis | D003550 | EFO_0000390 | E84 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Sinusitis | D012852 | EFO_0007486 | J32 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Rhinitis | D012220 | EFO_0008521 | J31 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Parkinson disease | D010300 | EFO_0002508 | G20 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 1
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers/patients | — | — | — | 9 | — | — | — | 4 | 13 |
| Pharmacokinetics | D010599 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 |
| Cocaine-related disorders | D019970 | — | F14 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Pneumonia | D011014 | EFO_0003106 | J18 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Respiratory aspiration | D053120 | EFO_1001839 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Renal insufficiency | D051437 | — | N19 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neoplasms | D009369 | — | C80 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Exploratory behavior | D005106 | EFO_0004316 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Multiple myeloma | D009101 | — | C90.0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Plasma cell neoplasms | D054219 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep deprivation | D012892 | — | F51.12 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Mucositis | D052016 | EFO_1001898 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Hiv infections | D015658 | EFO_0000764 | B20 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | D000163 | EFO_0000765 | B20 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Aids-related complex | D000386 | EFO_0007137 | B20 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Stroke | D020521 | EFO_0000712 | I63.9 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | Quinine |
| INN | — |
| Description | Quinine is a cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy. It has a role as an antimalarial, a muscle relaxant and a non-narcotic analgesic. It is a conjugate base of a quinine(1+). It derives from a hydride of an (8S)-cinchonan. |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | anti-inflammatory agents (salicylic acid derivatives) |
| Image (chem structure or protein) |  |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | C=C[C@H]1CN2CC[C@H]1C[C@H]2[C@H](O)c1ccnc2ccc(OC)cc12 |
Target
Agency Approved
No data
Alternate
SLC29A4
SLC29A4
KCNB2
KCNB2
KCNK18
KCNK18
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
SLC29A4
Gene synonyms
ENT4, PMAT
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4
Protein synonyms
Plasma membrane monoamine transporter, PMAT, solute carrier family 29 (equilibrative nucleoside transporter), member 4, solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 4, Solute carrier family 29 member 4
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Slc29a4 (243328)
equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4 (Q8R139)
Variants
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Financial
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Estimated US medical usage
Quinine
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Number of persons purchased
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Number of purchases
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Tabular view
Trends
PubMed Central
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Additional graphs summarizing 46,856 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Qualaquin, Quinine sulfate
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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3,186 adverse events reported
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