Procaine
Achromycin, Novocain, Ravocaine Novocain W/, Tetracyn (procaine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Procaine was first approved as Procaine hydrochloride w/ epinephrine on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat pain and substance withdrawal syndrome in the USA. It is known to target ryanodine receptor 1 and ryanodine receptor 2.
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Commercial
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Drug Products
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New Drug Application (NDA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Procaine hydrochloride
+
Tetracycline hydrochloride
Tradename | Company | Number | Date | Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACHROMYCIN | Lederle Laboratories | N-050276 DISCN | 1982-01-01 | 2 products |
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Norepinephrine bitartrate
+
Procaine hydrochloride
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Propoxycaine hydrochloride
Tradename | Company | Number | Date | Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAVOCAINE AND NOVOCAIN W/ LEVOPHED | Eastman Kodak | N-008592 DISCN | 1982-01-01 | 1 products |
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Levonordefrin
+
Procaine hydrochloride
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Propoxycaine hydrochloride
Tradename | Company | Number | Date | Products |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAVOCAINE AND NOVOCAIN W/ NEO-COBEFRIN | Eastman Kodak | N-008592 DISCN | 1982-01-01 | 1 products |
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Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name | Status | Last Update |
|---|---|---|
| bicillin c-r 900/300 | New Drug Application | 2026-07-21 |
| bicillin cr | New Drug Application | 2026-07-21 |
| novocain | 2007-04-16 | |
| novocaine | 2007-08-28 |
Indications
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EMA
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Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
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Patent Expiration
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ATC Codes
C: Cardiovascular system drugs
— C05: Vasoprotectives
— C05A: Agents for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
— C05AD: Local anesthetics for treatment of hemorrhoids and anal fissures for topical use
— C05AD05: Procaine
J: Antiinfectives for systemic use
— J01: Antibacterials for systemic use
— J01C: Beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins
— J01CE: Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins
— J01CE09: Procaine benzylpenicillin
N: Nervous system drugs
— N01: Anesthetics
— N01B: Local anesthetics
— N01BA: Esters of aminobenzoic acid for local anesthesia
— N01BA02: Procaine
— N01BA52: Procaine, combinations
S: Sensory organ drugs
— S01: Ophthalmologicals
— S01H: Local anesthetics, ophthalmologic
— S01HA: Local anesthetics
— S01HA05: Procaine
Clinical
Clinical Trials
29 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney transplantation | D016030 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 3
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | D018805 | EFO_0001420 | A41.9 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 3 |
| Infections | D007239 | EFO_0000544 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 2 |
| Toxemia | D014115 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
| Communicable diseases | D003141 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Bacterial infections | D001424 | — | A49 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Ischemia | D007511 | EFO_0000556 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | D003920 | EFO_0000400 | E08-E13 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Chronic limb-threatening ischemia | D000089802 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Wounds and injuries | D014947 | — | T14.8 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Dental pulp exposure | D003789 | EFO_1001782 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
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Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | D000077274 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Stomatitis | D013280 | EFO_1001904 | K12.1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Nasopharyngeal neoplasms | D009303 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Hiv infections | D015658 | EFO_0000764 | B20 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 1
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Postoperative pain | D010149 | — | G89.18 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | 5 |
| Osteomyelitis | D010019 | EFO_0003102 | M86 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Hypertrophy | D006984 | EFO_0002460 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain | D010146 | EFO_0003843 | R52 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| Periodontitis | D010518 | EFO_0000649 | K05.3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| Periapical periodontitis | D010485 | EFO_1001391 | K04.5 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 |
| Dental pulp necrosis | D003790 | — | K04.1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Necrosis | D009336 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Acute kidney injury | D058186 | — | N17 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Hypotension | D007022 | EFO_0005251 | I95 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Myoma | D009214 | — | D21 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Anxiety | D001007 | EFO_0005230 | F41.1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Periodontal pocket | D010514 | EFO_1001393 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
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Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | Procaine |
| INN | procaine |
| Description | Procaine is a benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. It has a role as a local anaesthetic, a central nervous system depressant, a peripheral nervous system drug and a drug allergen. It is a benzoate ester, a substituted aniline and a tertiary amino compound. It is functionally related to a 2-diethylaminoethanol and a 4-aminobenzoic acid. It is a conjugate base of a procaine(1+). |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | local anesthetics |
| Image (chem structure or protein) |  |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)c1ccc(N)cc1 |
Identifiers
| PDB | — |
| CAS-ID | 59-46-1 |
| RxCUI | — |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL569 |
| ChEBI ID | 8430 |
| PubChem CID | 4914 |
| DrugBank | DB00721 |
| UNII ID | 4Z8Y51M438 (ChemIDplus, GSRS) |
Target
Agency Approved
No data
Alternate
RYR1
RYR1
RYR2
RYR2
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
RYR1
Gene synonyms
RYDR
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
ryanodine receptor 1
Protein synonyms
central core disease of muscle, protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 137, ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal), sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel, Skeletal muscle calcium release channel, Skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor, Skeletal muscle-type ryanodine receptor, Type 1 ryanodine receptor, type 1-like ryanodine receptor
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Ryr1 (20190)
ryanodine receptor 1 (Q99JF9)
Variants
No data
Financial
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Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 9,999 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Bicillin c-r 900/300, Bicillin cr
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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1,199 adverse events reported
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