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Drug ReportsEpinephrine
Epinephrine
/ Epinephrine, Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Citanest, Duranest, Epinephrine, Epinephrine /, Epipen, Lignospan, Marcaine, Medihaler-epi, Mist, Orabloc, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Symjepi, Vivacaine, Xylocaine (epinephrine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Epinephrine was first approved as Sensorcaine on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat airway obstruction, anaphylaxis, bradycardia, bronchial spasm, and heart arrest amongst others in the USA. The pharmaceutical is active against alpha-1D adrenergic receptor and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. In addition, it is known to target beta-2 adrenergic receptor, alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, alpha-1B adrenergic receptor, beta-1 adrenergic receptor, beta-3 adrenergic receptor, carbonic anhydrase 1, and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.
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Events Timeline
5D
1M
3M
6M
YTD
1Y
2Y
5Y
Max
Events
FDA approval date
EMA approval date
Patent expiration date
Study first post date
Last update post date
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Results first post date
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area
MeSH
infectionsD007239
respiratory tract diseasesD012140
eye diseasesD005128
cardiovascular diseasesD002318
immune system diseasesD007154
signs and symptoms pathological conditionsD013568
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Epipen, Marcaine, Primatene mist, Sensorcaine, Symjepi, Xylocaine (generic drugs available since 1985-01-22, discontinued: Bronitin mist, Bronkaid mist, Citanest, Duranest, Epi, Medihaler-epi, Sus-phrine, Twinject)
Combinations
Citanest, Orabloc, Sensorcaine, Septocaine (generic drugs available since 1985-01-22, discontinued: Duranest, Iontocaine, Lidocaton, Lidosite topical system, Octocaine, Ultacan)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
New Drug Application (NDA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Articaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SEPTOCAINEDeprocoN-020971 RX2000-04-03
2 products, RLD, RS
ORABLOCPierrelN-022466 RX2010-02-26
2 products, RLD, RS
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1983-09-02
2 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Epinephrine
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SYMJEPIAdamis PharmaceuticalsN-207534 RX2017-06-15
2 products, RLD, RS
PRIMATENE MISTArmstrong PharmaceuticalsN-205920 OTC2018-11-07
1 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEBPI LabsN-205029 RX2014-07-29
3 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-209359 RX2019-11-05
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENACLICKImpax LaboratoriesN-020800 RX2009-11-25
2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEInternational Medication SystemsN-211363 RX2022-08-15
1 products, RLD, RS
AUVI-QKaleoN-201739 RX2012-08-10
3 products, RLD, RS
EPIPENMylanN-019430 RX1987-12-22
1 products, RLD, RS
EPIPEN JR.MylanN-019430 RX1987-12-22
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALINPar PharmaceuticalN-204200 RX2012-12-07
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 2 marketed
Show 7 discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINE W/ EPINEPHRINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
6 products, RLD, RS
Show 6 discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
MEDIHALER-EPI3MN-010374 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products
BRONITIN MISTWyethN-016126 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
DURANESTDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021384 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANEST FORTE DENTALDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021383 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
4 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANESTAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
CITANEST PLAINAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name
Status
Last Update
adrenalinNew Drug Application2023-11-16
adrenalin (epinephrine)New Drug Application2024-01-21
adrenalin(r)New Drug Application2022-12-09
articadentNDA authorized generic2023-02-06
articaineNDA authorized generic2023-02-06
articaine hcl and epinephrineNDA authorized generic2023-01-14
articaine hydrochloride and epinephrineNDA authorized generic2023-02-06
articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine bitartrateNew Drug Application2010-08-23
auvi-qNew Drug Application2023-12-14
axeOTC monograph final2018-12-12
Show 71 more
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication
Ontology
MeSH
ICD-10
airway obstruction—D000402—
anaphylaxis—D000707T78.2
bradycardiaHP_0001662D001919R00.1
bronchial spasm—D001986—
heart arrestEFO_0009492D006323I46
heart block—D006327I45.89
hypotensionEFO_0005251D007022I95
open-angle glaucomaEFO_0004190D005902H40.1
septic shock—D012772A48.3
ventricular fibrillationEFO_0004287D014693I49.01
Show 1 more
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
Patent
Expires
Flag
FDA Information
Epinephrine, Adrenalin, Par Sterile Products
106536462039-03-21DP
110836982039-03-21U-3567
112072802039-03-21DP
91198762035-03-13DP
92956572035-03-13U-1829
101305922035-03-13DP
Epinephrine, Auvi-Q, Kaleo Inc
106882442037-12-21DPU-2980
108429382037-12-21DPU-2980
117718302037-12-21DPU-2980
80213442029-11-02DP
82266102029-04-10DP
82315732028-11-25DP
79470172028-03-12DP
82063602027-02-27DP
115902862026-12-12DP
103355492025-04-30DP
83134662024-11-23DP
83610292024-11-23DP
84254622024-11-23DP
86086982024-11-23DP
97376692024-11-23DP
98335732024-11-23U-2172
103149772024-11-23DP
107370282024-11-23DP
Epinephrine, Symjepi, Adamis Pharms Corp
111415402036-10-20DPU-3379
Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Bpi Labs
92831972034-08-15DPU-1828, U-1829, U-1830
100047002034-08-14DPU-2325
100397282034-08-14U-1828
Epinephrine, Primatene Mist, Armstrong Pharms
83677342026-01-26DP
Epinephrine, Epi E Z Pen Jr, Mylan Speciality Lp
74490122025-09-11DP
77944322025-09-11DP
80480352025-09-11DP
88708272025-09-11DP
95860102025-09-11DP
ATC Codes
A: Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs
— A01: Stomatological preparations
— A01A: Stomatological preparations
— A01AD: Other agents for local oral treatment in atc
— A01AD01: Epinephrine
B: Blood and blood forming organ drugs
— B02: Antihemorrhagics
— B02B: Vitamin k and other hemostatics
— B02BC: Local hemostatics
— B02BC09: Epinephrine
C: Cardiovascular system drugs
— C01: Cardiac therapy drugs
— C01C: Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
— C01CA: Adrenergic and dopaminergic cardiac stimulants
— C01CA24: Epinephrine
R: Respiratory system drugs
— R01: Nasal preparations
— R01A: Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use
— R01AA: Sympathomimetics, plain
— R01AA14: Epinephrine
— R03: Drugs for obstructive airway diseases
— R03A: Adrenergics, inhalants
— R03AA: Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonist inhalants
— R03AA01: Epinephrine
— R03AK: Adrenergics inhalants in combination with corticosteroids or other drugs, excl. anticholinergics
— R03AK01: Epinephrine and other drugs for obstructive airway diseases
S: Sensory organ drugs
— S01: Ophthalmologicals
— S01E: Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
— S01EA: Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy
— S01EA01: Epinephrine
— S01EA51: Epinephrine, combinations
HCPCS
Code
Description
J0171
Injection, adrenalin, epinephrine, 0.1 mg
Clinical
Clinical Trials
2186 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Postoperative painD010149—G89.18122884473160
Adrenal insufficiencyD000309——258115277
PainD010146EFO_0003843R52434253570
Congenital adrenal hyperplasiaD000312—E25.0820822659
Local anesthesiaD000772——476112753
AnalgesiaD000698——11382639
HyperaldosteronismD006929HP_0011736E2611313137
AnesthesiaD000758——24272336
Replacement arthroplasty kneeD019645——12416931
Knee osteoarthritisD020370EFO_0004616M1722391228
Show 195 more
Indications Phases 3
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Breast neoplasmsD001943EFO_0003869C50454—1225
Pituitary acth hypersecretionD047748EFO_1001110E24.0—53—1725
HypertensionD006973EFO_0000537I102—4—1420
ObesityD009765EFO_0001073E66.95—1—1117
Lung neoplasmsD008175HP_0100526C34.90331—1016
Adrenal gland neoplasmsD000310EFO_0003850C74222—814
NeoplasmsD009369—C80221—813
Renal cell carcinomaD002292EFO_0000376—231—37
Prostatic neoplasmsD011471—C61122—26
PoliomyelitisD011051EFO_0007450A80131——5
Show 58 more
Indications Phases 2
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Adrenocortical carcinomaD018268——68——1022
PheochromocytomaD010673——22——1215
Adrenal rest tumorD000314EFO_1000798—21——810
Liver neoplasmsD008113EFO_1001513C22.015——39
Type 2 diabetes mellitusD003924EFO_0001360E1111——68
Postoperative complicationsD011183——11——45
Multiple myelomaD009101—C90.0—4———4
Skin neoplasmsD012878EFO_0004198C4411——24
Endocrine system diseasesD004700EFO_0001379E34.911——24
Heart failureD006333HP_0001635I50—1——34
Show 62 more
Indications Phases 1
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Type 1 diabetes mellitusD003922EFO_0001359E102———911
Covid-19D000086382—U07.13———811
DepressionD003863—F33.91———45
Dental cariesD003731EFO_0003819K021———34
Insulin resistanceD007333HP_0000855E88.8191———23
MastectomyD008408——1———23
Chronic hepatitis bD019694EFO_0004239B18.11———23
Adrenocortical hyperfunctionD000308EFO_1000797—1———23
Radius fracturesD011885EFO_0003957S52.371———23
Parathyroid neoplasmsD010282——1———12
Show 20 more
Indications Without Phase
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Chronic painD059350HP_0012532—————88
Stomatognathic diseasesD009057—K08.9————66
Epidural analgesiaD015360——————55
HepatectomyD006498——————44
Obstructive sleep apneaD020181EFO_0003918G47.33————44
Basal cell neoplasmsD018295——————44
Spinal cord injuriesD013119EFO_1001919—————44
Food hypersensitivityD005512EFO_1001890—————44
GlaucomaD005901EFO_0000516H40————33
Eosinophilic esophagitisD057765EFO_0004232K20.0————33
Show 347 more
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
Drug common nameEpinephrine
INNepinephrine
Description
(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. It has a role as a hormone, an adrenergic agonist, a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, a mydriatic agent and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-adrenaline(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-adrenaline.
Classification
Small molecule
Drug class—
Image (chem structure or protein)Loading
Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence)
CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Identifiers
PDB—
CAS-ID51-43-4
RxCUI—
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL679
ChEBI ID28918
PubChem CID5816
DrugBankDB00668
UNII IDYKH834O4BH (ChemIDplus, GSRS)
Target
Agency Approved
ADRA1D
ADRA1D
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRA1D
Gene synonyms
ADRA1A
NCBI Gene ID
146
Protein name
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, alpha -1D-, receptor, adrenergic, alpha-1A-, receptor, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-1D adrenoceptor, Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor, Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a
Uniprot ID
Q9NPY0
Mouse ortholog
Adra1d (11550)
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (P97714)
Alternate
ADRB1
ADRB1
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRB1
Gene synonyms
ADRB1R, B1AR
NCBI Gene ID
153
Protein name
beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor, Beta-1 adrenoceptor, Beta-1 adrenoreceptor
Uniprot ID
P08588
Mouse ortholog
Adrb1 (11554)
beta-1 adrenergic receptor (P34971)
Variants
No data
Financial
Revenue by drug
$
€
£
₣
Epinephrine – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Epinephrine – Viatris
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Primatene mist – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Epipen – Viatris
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Epipen – Pfizer
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Tabular view
Estimated US medical usage
Epinephrine
+
Chlorpheniramine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Epinephrine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Epinephrine
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Pilocarpine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 89,574 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Bupivacaine hydrochloride bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Marcaine marcaine with epinephrine, Marcaine with epinephrine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine-mpf sensorcaine-mpf, Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine hci and epinephrine)
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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23,405 adverse events reported
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