Epinephrine - PharmaKB

Epinephrine

/ Epinephrine, Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Citanest, Duranest, Epinephrine, Epinephrine /, Epipen, Lignospan, Marcaine, Neffy, Orabloc, Primatene Mist, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Symjepi, Vivacaine, Xylocaine (epinephrine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Epinephrine was first approved as Sensorcaine on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat airway obstruction, anaphylaxis, bradycardia, bronchial spasm, and heart arrest amongst others in the USA. The pharmaceutical is active against alpha-1D adrenergic receptor and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. In addition, it is known to target beta-2 adrenergic receptor, alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, alpha-1B adrenergic receptor, beta-1 adrenergic receptor, beta-3 adrenergic receptor, carbonic anhydrase 1, and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.

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Therapeutic Areas

Therapeutic Area	MeSH
infections	D007239
respiratory tract diseases	D012140
eye diseases	D005128
cardiovascular diseases	D002318
immune system diseases	D007154
signs and symptoms pathological conditions	D013568

Trade Name

FDA

EMA

Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Epi, Epinephrine, Neffy, Primatene mist, Symjepi (discontinued: Adrenaclick, Bronitin mist, Bronkaid mist, Epi, Epinephrine, Medihaler-epi, Sus-phrine, Symjepi)

Combinations

Bupivacaine epinephrine, Citanest, Flavalta, Lidocaine epinephrine, Lignospan, Lignospan standard, Marcaine w/ epinephrine, Orabloc, Prilocaine epinephrine, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Vivacaine, Xylocaine w/ epinephrine (discontinued: Articaine epinephrine, Bupivacaine epinephrine, Citanest, Duranest, Iontocaine, Lidocaine epinephrine, Lidocaine w/ epinephrine, Lidosite topical system, Octocaine, Procaine w/ epinephrine, Xylocaine w/ epinephrine, Xylocaine with epinephrine)

Drug Products

FDA

EMA

New Drug Application (NDA)

Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)

Epinephrine

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
SYMJEPI	DMK Pharmaceuticals	N-207534 RX	2017-06-15	1 products, RLD, RS
PRIMATENE MIST	Armstrong Pharmaceuticals	N-205920 OTC	2018-11-07	1 products, RLD, RS
NEFFY	ARS PHARMS OPERATION	N-214697 RX	2024-08-09	2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINE	Baxter	N-220626 RX	2026-03-30	2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINE	BPI Labs	N-205029 RX	2014-07-29	4 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALIN	Endo	N-204200 RX	2012-12-07	1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALIN	Endo	N-204640 RX	2013-12-18	1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALIN	Endo	N-215875 RX	2023-04-21	5 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINE	Fresenius Kabi	N-215425 RX	2025-03-13	1 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINE	Hospira	N-209359 RX	2019-11-05	1 products, RLD, RS

Show 5 marketed

Show 8 discontinued

Prilocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
CITANEST	AstraZeneca	N-014763 DISCN	1982-01-01	3 products, RLD
CITANEST PLAIN	AstraZeneca	N-014763 DISCN	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD

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Epinephrine bitartrate

Prilocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
CITANEST FORTE DENTAL	Dentsply Pharmaceutical	N-021383 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS

Show 1 discontinued

Etidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
DURANEST	AstraZeneca	N-017751 DISCN	1982-01-01	2 products, RLD

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Epinephrine

Etidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
DURANEST	AstraZeneca	N-017751 DISCN	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD

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Epinephrine bitartrate

Etidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
DURANEST	AstraZeneca	N-017751 DISCN	1982-01-01	2 products, RLD
DURANEST	Dentsply Pharmaceutical	N-021384 DISCN	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD

Hide discontinued

Lidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
XYLOCAINE	Fresenius Kabi	N-006488 RX	1982-01-01	4 products, RLD, RS

Show 1 discontinued

Epinephrine

Lidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
XYLOCAINE W/ EPINEPHRINE	Fresenius Kabi	N-006488 RX	1982-01-01	6 products, RLD, RS

Show 6 discontinued

Epinephrine bitartrate

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE IN 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDE	Baxter	N-218475 RX	2025-02-28	1 products, RLD, RS

Show 2 discontinued

Bupivacaine hydrochloride

Epinephrine bitartrate

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
SENSORCAINE	Fresenius Kabi	N-018304 RX	1983-09-02	2 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	2 products, RLD, RS

Show 1 discontinued

Bupivacaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
SENSORCAINE	Fresenius Kabi	N-018304 RX	1982-01-01	3 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREE	Hospira	N-016964 RX	1982-01-01	2 products, RLD, RS

Articaine hydrochloride

Epinephrine bitartrate

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
SEPTOCAINE	Deproco	N-020971 RX	2000-04-03	2 products, RLD, RS
ORABLOC	Pierrel	N-022466 RX	2010-02-26	2 products, RLD, RS

Epinephrine bitartrate

Lidocaine hydrochloride

Tradename	Company	Number	Date	Products
FLAVALTA	Deproco	N-216564 RX	2026-03-19	1 products, RLD, RS

Labels

FDA

EMA

Brand Name	Status	Last Update
adrenalin	New Drug Application	2026-07-01
adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)	New Drug Application	2025-10-15
adrenalin (epinephrine)	New Drug Application	2024-02-22
adrenalin vials	New Drug Application	2026-01-12
adrenalin(r)	New Drug Application	2022-12-09
anti bacterial hand gel	C200263	2026-03-09
articadent	NDA authorized generic	2024-03-01
articaine	NDA authorized generic	2024-03-06
articaine hcl and epinephrine	NDA authorized generic	2023-01-14
articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine	NDA authorized generic	2026-03-26

Show 64 more

Indications

FDA

EMA

Indication	Ontology	MeSH	ICD-10
septic shock	—	D012772	A48.3
hypotension	EFO_0005251	D007022	I95
ventricular tachycardia	—	D017180	I47.2
anaphylaxis	—	D000707	T78.2
bradycardia	—	D001919	R00.1
heart arrest	EFO_0009492	D006323	I46
open-angle glaucoma	EFO_0004190	D005902	H40.1
heart block	—	D006327	I45.89
airway obstruction	—	D000402	—
bronchial spasm	—	D001986	—

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Agency Specific

FDA

EMA

No data

Patent Expiration

Patent	Expires	Flag	FDA Information
Epinephrine, Adrenalin, Par Sterile Products
10653646	2039-03-21	DP
11083698	2039-03-21		U-3567
11207280	2039-03-21	DP
9119876	2035-03-13	DP
9295657	2035-03-13		U-1829
10130592	2035-03-13	DP
Epinephrine, Auvi-Q, Kaleo Inc
10688244	2037-12-21	DP	U-2980
10842938	2037-12-21	DP	U-2980
11771830	2037-12-21	DP	U-2980
8021344	2029-11-02	DP
8226610	2029-04-10	DP
8231573	2028-11-25	DP
7947017	2028-03-12	DP
8206360	2027-02-27	DP
11590286	2026-12-12	DP
10335549	2025-04-30	DP
8313466	2024-11-23	DP
8361029	2024-11-23	DP
8425462	2024-11-23	DP
8608698	2024-11-23	DP
9737669	2024-11-23	DP
9833573	2024-11-23		U-2172
10314977	2024-11-23	DP
10737028	2024-11-23	DP
Epinephrine, Symjepi, Adamis Pharms Corp
11141540	2036-10-20	DP	U-3379
Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Bpi Labs
9283197	2034-08-15	DP	U-1828, U-1829, U-1830
10004700	2034-08-14	DP	U-2325
10039728	2034-08-14		U-1828
Epinephrine, Primatene Mist, Armstrong Pharms
8367734	2026-01-26	DP
Epinephrine, Epi E Z Pen Jr, Mylan Speciality Lp
7449012	2025-09-11	DP
7794432	2025-09-11	DP
8048035	2025-09-11	DP
8870827	2025-09-11	DP
9586010	2025-09-11	DP

ATC Codes

A: Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs

— A01: Stomatological preparations

— A01A: Stomatological preparations

— A01AD: Other agents for local oral treatment in atc

— A01AD01: Epinephrine

B: Blood and blood forming organ drugs

— B02: Antihemorrhagics

— B02B: Vitamin k and other hemostatics

— B02BC: Local hemostatics

— B02BC09: Epinephrine

C: Cardiovascular system drugs

— C01: Cardiac therapy drugs

— C01C: Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides

— C01CA: Adrenergic and dopaminergic cardiac stimulants

— C01CA24: Epinephrine

R: Respiratory system drugs

— R01: Nasal preparations

— R01A: Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use

— R01AA: Sympathomimetics, plain

— R01AA14: Epinephrine

— R03: Drugs for obstructive airway diseases

— R03A: Adrenergics, inhalants

— R03AA: Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonist inhalants

— R03AA01: Epinephrine

— R03AK: Adrenergics inhalants in combination with corticosteroids or other drugs, excl. anticholinergics

— R03AK01: Epinephrine and other drugs for obstructive airway diseases

S: Sensory organ drugs

— S01: Ophthalmologicals

— S01E: Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics

— S01EA: Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy

— S01EA01: Epinephrine

— S01EA51: Epinephrine, combinations

HCPCS

Code	Description
J0171	Injection, adrenalin, epinephrine, 0.1 mg

Clinical

Clinical Trials

3906 clinical trials

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Indications Phases 4

Indication	MeSH	Ontology	ICD-10	Ph 1	Ph 2	Ph 3	Ph 4	Other	Total
Postoperative pain	D010149	—	G89.18	16	36	11	69	152	276
Pain	D010146	EFO_0003843	R52	10	11	10	33	58	120
Adrenal insufficiency	D000309	—	—	7	9	12	22	71	118
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia	D000312	—	E25.0	9	28	11	3	48	92
Knee osteoarthritis	D020370	EFO_0004616	M17	10	9	10	26	37	86
Osteoarthritis	D010003	EFO_0002506	M15-M19	10	6	15	24	37	86
Hyperaldosteronism	D006929	—	E26	3	4	4	1	72	82
Local anesthesia	D000772	—	—	5	7	7	19	46	82
Precursor cell lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma	D054198	—	C91.0	13	32	16	3	6	63
Agnosia	D000377	EFO_0007136	F88	1	7	9	12	35	62

Show 492 more

Indications Phases 3

Indication	MeSH	Ontology	ICD-10	Ph 1	Ph 2	Ph 3	Ph 4	Other	Total
Prostatic neoplasms	D011471	—	C61	8	17	10	—	8	39
Lymphoma	D008223	—	C85.9	7	22	7	—	—	31
Lung neoplasms	D008175	—	C34.90	4	9	1	—	16	28
Carcinoma	D002277	—	C80.0	4	12	3	—	9	25
Adrenal gland diseases	D000307	—	E27.9	2	3	1	—	15	21
Chronic pain	D059350	—	—	—	1	2	—	15	18
Postoperative complications	D011183	—	—	2	2	2	—	12	17
Premature birth	D047928	EFO_0003917	O60	1	2	3	—	10	16
Non-hodgkin lymphoma	D008228	—	C85.9	5	10	2	—	1	15
Myeloid leukemia acute	D015470	—	C92.0	6	6	4	—	—	14

Show 225 more

Indications Phases 2

Indication	MeSH	Ontology	ICD-10	Ph 1	Ph 2	Ph 3	Ph 4	Other	Total
Adrenocortical carcinoma	D018268	—	—	6	16	—	—	13	33
Pheochromocytoma	D010673	—	—	3	3	—	—	17	21
Type 1 diabetes mellitus	D003922	EFO_0001359	E10	6	2	—	—	13	21
Adrenal rest tumor	D000314	EFO_1000798	—	2	1	—	—	14	16
Liver neoplasms	D008113	EFO_1001513	C22.0	1	6	—	—	5	12
Multiple myeloma	D009101	—	C90.0	3	10	—	—	—	10
Molar hypomineralization	D000094604	—	—	2	2	—	—	7	9
Hematologic neoplasms	D019337	—	—	2	5	—	—	1	8
Paraganglioma	D010235	—	—	2	3	—	—	5	8
Skin neoplasms	D012878	EFO_0004198	C44	2	2	—	—	3	7

Show 226 more

Indications Phases 1

Indication	MeSH	Ontology	ICD-10	Ph 1	Ph 2	Ph 3	Ph 4	Other	Total
Atrophy	D001284	—	—	1	—	—	—	4	5
Blood pressure	D001794	EFO_0004325	—	2	—	—	—	3	5
Basal cell neoplasms	D018295	—	—	1	—	—	—	4	5
Congenital abnormalities	D000013	EFO_0003915	Q89.9	1	—	—	—	3	4
Sleep deprivation	D012892	—	F51.12	2	—	—	—	2	4
Chronic hepatitis b	D019694	EFO_0004239	B18.1	1	—	—	—	3	4
Vitiligo	D014820	EFO_0004208	L80	1	—	—	—	3	4
Macular degeneration	D008268	EFO_0001365	H35.30	2	—	—	—	1	3
Heart rate	D006339	EFO_0004326	—	1	—	—	—	2	3
Psychomotor agitation	D011595	—	—	1	—	—	—	2	3

Show 58 more

Indications Without Phase

Indication	MeSH	Ontology	ICD-10	Ph 1	Ph 2	Ph 3	Ph 4	Other	Total
Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders	D007319	—	F51.01	—	—	—	—	8	8
Enuresis	D004775	—	R32	—	—	—	—	8	8
Epidural analgesia	D015360	—	—	—	—	—	—	6	6
Wound healing	D014945	GO_0042060	—	—	—	—	—	6	6
Adrenalectomy	D000315	—	—	—	—	—	—	6	6
Glaucoma	D005901	EFO_0000516	H40	—	—	—	—	5	5
Obstructive sleep apnea	D020181	EFO_0003918	G47.33	—	—	—	—	5	5
Basal cell carcinoma	D002280	—	—	—	—	—	—	5	5
Nocturnal enuresis	D053206	—	N39.44	—	—	—	—	5	5
Pilonidal sinus	D010864	—	L05	—	—	—	—	5	5

Show 519 more

Epidemiology

Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications

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Drug

General

Drug common name	Epinephrine
INN	epinephrine
Description	(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. It has a role as a hormone, an adrenergic agonist, a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, a mydriatic agent and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-adrenaline(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-adrenaline.
Classification	Small molecule
Drug class	Adrenergic receptor agonist; Sympathomimetic
Image (chem structure or protein)
Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence)	CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1

Identifiers

PDB	—
CAS-ID	51-43-4
RxCUI	—
ChEMBL ID	CHEMBL679
ChEBI ID	28918
PubChem CID	5816
DrugBank	DB00668
UNII ID	YKH834O4BH (ChemIDplus, GSRS)

Target

Agency Approved

ADRA1D

Organism

Homo sapiens

Gene name

ADRA1D

Gene synonyms

ADRA1A

NCBI Gene ID

146

Protein name

alpha-1D adrenergic receptor

Protein synonyms

adrenergic, alpha -1D-, receptor, adrenergic, alpha-1A-, receptor, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-1D adrenoceptor, Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor, Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a

Uniprot ID

Q9NPY0

Mouse ortholog

Adra1d (11550)

alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (P97714)

Alternate

ADRB1

Organism

Homo sapiens

Gene name

ADRB1

Gene synonyms

ADRB1R, B1AR

NCBI Gene ID

153

Protein name

beta-1 adrenergic receptor

Protein synonyms

adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor, Beta-1 adrenoceptor, Beta-1 adrenoreceptor

Uniprot ID

P08588

Mouse ortholog

Adrb1 (11554)

beta-1 adrenergic receptor (P34971)

Variants

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Financial

Revenue by drug

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Primatene mist – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals

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Epinephrine – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals

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Epinephrine – Viatris

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Epipen – Viatris

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Epipen – Pfizer

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Lidocaine – Amneal Pharmaceuticals

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Lidocaine – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals

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Estimated US medical usage

Epinephrine

Chlorpheniramine

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Epinephrine

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Epinephrine

Pilocarpine

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Trends

PubMed Central

Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:

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Safety

Black-box Warning

Black-box warning for: Bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Bupivacaine hydrochloride bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Marcaine marcaine with epinephrine, Marcaine with epinephrine, Sensorcaine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine-mpf sensorcaine-mpf, Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine hci and epinephrine)

Adverse Events

Top Adverse Reactions

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31,008 adverse events reported

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