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Drug ReportsEpinephrine
Epinephrine
/ Epinephrine, Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Citanest, Duranest, Epinephrine, Epinephrine /, Epipen, Lignospan, Marcaine, Neffy, Orabloc, Primatene Mist, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Symjepi, Vivacaine, Xylocaine (epinephrine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Epinephrine was first approved as Sensorcaine on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat airway obstruction, anaphylaxis, bradycardia, bronchial spasm, and heart arrest amongst others in the USA. The pharmaceutical is active against alpha-1D adrenergic receptor and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor. In addition, it is known to target beta-2 adrenergic receptor, alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, alpha-1B adrenergic receptor, beta-1 adrenergic receptor, beta-3 adrenergic receptor, carbonic anhydrase 1, and alpha-2B adrenergic receptor.
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Variants
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Events Timeline
5D
1M
3M
6M
YTD
1Y
2Y
5Y
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FDA approval date
EMA approval date
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Study first post date
Last update post date
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Results first post date
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area
MeSH
infectionsD007239
respiratory tract diseasesD012140
eye diseasesD005128
cardiovascular diseasesD002318
immune system diseasesD007154
signs and symptoms pathological conditionsD013568
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Adrenaclick, Adrenalin, Auvi-q, Epi, Epinephrine, Neffy, Primatene mist, Symjepi (discontinued: Adrenaclick, Bronitin mist, Bronkaid mist, Epi, Epinephrine, Medihaler-epi, Sus-phrine, Symjepi)
Combinations
Bupivacaine epinephrine, Citanest, Lidocaine epinephrine, Lignospan, Lignospan standard, Marcaine w/ epinephrine, Orabloc, Prilocaine epinephrine, Sensorcaine, Septocaine, Vivacaine, Xylocaine w/ epinephrine (discontinued: Articaine epinephrine, Bupivacaine epinephrine, Citanest, Duranest, Iontocaine, Lidocaine epinephrine, Lidocaine w/ epinephrine, Lidosite topical system, Octocaine, Procaine w/ epinephrine, Xylocaine w/ epinephrine, Xylocaine with epinephrine)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
New Drug Application (NDA)
New Drug Application (NDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA)
Epinephrine
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SYMJEPIDMK PharmaceuticalsN-207534 RX2017-06-15
1 products, RLD, RS
PRIMATENE MISTArmstrong PharmaceuticalsN-205920 OTC2018-11-07
1 products, RLD, RS
NEFFYARS PHARMS OPERATIONN-214697 RX2024-08-09
2 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEBPI LabsN-205029 RX2014-07-29
4 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALINEndoN-204200 RX2012-12-07
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALINEndoN-204640 RX2013-12-18
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENALINEndoN-215875 RX2023-04-21
5 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEFresenius KabiN-215425 RX2025-03-13
1 products, RLD, RS
EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-209359 RX2019-11-05
1 products, RLD, RS
ADRENACLICKImpax LaboratoriesN-020800 RX2009-11-25
2 products, RLD, RS
Show 4 marketed
Show 8 discontinued
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANESTAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
CITANEST PLAINAstraZenecaN-014763 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Prilocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
CITANEST FORTE DENTALDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021383 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
+
Etidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
DURANESTAstraZenecaN-017751 DISCN1982-01-01
2 products, RLD
DURANESTDentsply PharmaceuticalN-021384 DISCN1982-01-01
1 products, RLD
Hide discontinued
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
4 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Epinephrine
+
Lidocaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
XYLOCAINE W/ EPINEPHRINEFresenius KabiN-006488 RX1982-01-01
6 products, RLD, RS
Show 6 discontinued
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
EPINEPHRINE BITARTRATE IN 0.9% SODIUM CHLORIDEBaxterN-218475 RX2025-02-28
1 products, RLD, RS
Show 2 discontinued
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1983-09-02
2 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE W/ EPINEPHRINE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Show 1 discontinued
Bupivacaine hydrochloride
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SENSORCAINEFresenius KabiN-018304 RX1982-01-01
3 products, RLD
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
1 products, RLD, RS
MARCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE PRESERVATIVE FREEHospiraN-016964 RX1982-01-01
2 products, RLD, RS
Articaine hydrochloride
+
Epinephrine bitartrate
Tradename
Company
Number
Date
Products
SEPTOCAINEDeprocoN-020971 RX2000-04-03
2 products, RLD, RS
ORABLOCPierrelN-022466 RX2010-02-26
2 products, RLD, RS
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name
Status
Last Update
adrenalinNew Drug Application2025-09-16
adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)New Drug Application2025-07-10
adrenalin (epinephrine)New Drug Application2024-02-22
adrenalin vialsNew Drug Application2024-12-03
adrenalin(r)New Drug Application2022-12-09
articadentNDA authorized generic2024-03-01
articaineNDA authorized generic2024-03-06
articaine hcl and epinephrineNDA authorized generic2023-01-14
articaine hydrochloride and epinephrineNDA authorized generic2024-11-18
articaine hydrochloride and epinephrine bitartrateNew Drug Application2010-08-23
Show 67 more
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication
Ontology
MeSH
ICD-10
septic shock—D012772A48.3
hypotensionEFO_0005251D007022I95
ventricular tachycardia—D017180I47.2
anaphylaxis—D000707T78.2
bradycardia—D001919R00.1
heart arrestEFO_0009492D006323I46
open-angle glaucomaEFO_0004190D005902H40.1
heart block—D006327I45.89
airway obstruction—D000402—
bronchial spasm—D001986—
Show 10 more
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
Patent
Expires
Flag
FDA Information
Epinephrine, Adrenalin, Par Sterile Products
106536462039-03-21DP
110836982039-03-21U-3567
112072802039-03-21DP
91198762035-03-13DP
92956572035-03-13U-1829
101305922035-03-13DP
Epinephrine, Auvi-Q, Kaleo Inc
106882442037-12-21DPU-2980
108429382037-12-21DPU-2980
117718302037-12-21DPU-2980
80213442029-11-02DP
82266102029-04-10DP
82315732028-11-25DP
79470172028-03-12DP
82063602027-02-27DP
115902862026-12-12DP
103355492025-04-30DP
83134662024-11-23DP
83610292024-11-23DP
84254622024-11-23DP
86086982024-11-23DP
97376692024-11-23DP
98335732024-11-23U-2172
103149772024-11-23DP
107370282024-11-23DP
Epinephrine, Symjepi, Adamis Pharms Corp
111415402036-10-20DPU-3379
Epinephrine, Epinephrine, Bpi Labs
92831972034-08-15DPU-1828, U-1829, U-1830
100047002034-08-14DPU-2325
100397282034-08-14U-1828
Epinephrine, Primatene Mist, Armstrong Pharms
83677342026-01-26DP
Epinephrine, Epi E Z Pen Jr, Mylan Speciality Lp
74490122025-09-11DP
77944322025-09-11DP
80480352025-09-11DP
88708272025-09-11DP
95860102025-09-11DP
ATC Codes
A: Alimentary tract and metabolism drugs
— A01: Stomatological preparations
— A01A: Stomatological preparations
— A01AD: Other agents for local oral treatment in atc
— A01AD01: Epinephrine
B: Blood and blood forming organ drugs
— B02: Antihemorrhagics
— B02B: Vitamin k and other hemostatics
— B02BC: Local hemostatics
— B02BC09: Epinephrine
C: Cardiovascular system drugs
— C01: Cardiac therapy drugs
— C01C: Cardiac stimulants excl. cardiac glycosides
— C01CA: Adrenergic and dopaminergic cardiac stimulants
— C01CA24: Epinephrine
R: Respiratory system drugs
— R01: Nasal preparations
— R01A: Decongestants and other nasal preparations for topical use
— R01AA: Sympathomimetics, plain
— R01AA14: Epinephrine
— R03: Drugs for obstructive airway diseases
— R03A: Adrenergics, inhalants
— R03AA: Alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor agonist inhalants
— R03AA01: Epinephrine
— R03AK: Adrenergics inhalants in combination with corticosteroids or other drugs, excl. anticholinergics
— R03AK01: Epinephrine and other drugs for obstructive airway diseases
S: Sensory organ drugs
— S01: Ophthalmologicals
— S01E: Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics
— S01EA: Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy
— S01EA01: Epinephrine
— S01EA51: Epinephrine, combinations
HCPCS
Code
Description
J0171
Injection, adrenalin, epinephrine, 0.1 mg
Clinical
Clinical Trials
3609 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Multiple sclerosisD009103EFO_0003885G35———1—1
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisD020529EFO_0003929————1—1
Indications Phases 3
Indication
MeSH
Ontology
ICD-10
Ph 1
Ph 2
Ph 3
Ph 4
Other
Total
Allergic rhinitis perennialD012221EFO_1001417J30.89——2——2
AsthmaD001249EFO_0000270J45——1——1
Allergic rhinitisD065631—J30.9——1——1
RhinitisD012220EFO_0008521J31——1——1
Indications Phases 2
No data
Indications Phases 1
No data
Indications Without Phase
No data
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
Drug common nameEpinephrine
INNepinephrine
Description
(R)-adrenaline is the R-enantiomer of adrenaline. It is a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands resulting in the 'fight-or-flight' response. It has a role as a hormone, an adrenergic agonist, a vasodilator agent, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a beta-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, a mydriatic agent and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate base of a (R)-adrenaline(1+). It is an enantiomer of a (S)-adrenaline.
Classification
Small molecule
Drug classAdrenergic receptor agonist; Sympathomimetic
Image (chem structure or protein)Loading
Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence)
CNC[C@H](O)c1ccc(O)c(O)c1
Identifiers
PDB—
CAS-ID51-43-4
RxCUI—
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL679
ChEBI ID28918
PubChem CID5816
DrugBankDB00668
UNII IDYKH834O4BH (ChemIDplus, GSRS)
Target
Agency Approved
ADRA1D
ADRA1D
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRA1D
Gene synonyms
ADRA1A
NCBI Gene ID
146
Protein name
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, alpha -1D-, receptor, adrenergic, alpha-1A-, receptor, Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-1D adrenoceptor, Alpha-1D adrenoreceptor, Alpha-adrenergic receptor 1a
Uniprot ID
Q9NPY0
Mouse ortholog
Adra1d (11550)
alpha-1D adrenergic receptor (P97714)
Alternate
ADRB1
ADRB1
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRB1
Gene synonyms
ADRB1R, B1AR
NCBI Gene ID
153
Protein name
beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, beta-1-, receptor, Beta-1 adrenoceptor, Beta-1 adrenoreceptor
Uniprot ID
P08588
Mouse ortholog
Adrb1 (11554)
beta-1 adrenergic receptor (P34971)
Variants
No data
Financial
Revenue by drug
$
€
£
₣
Primatene mist – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Epipen – Viatris
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Epipen – Pfizer
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Lidocaine – Amneal Pharmaceuticals
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Lidocaine – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Epinephrine – Amphastar Pharmaceuticals
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Epinephrine – Viatris
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Tabular view
Estimated US medical usage
Epinephrine
+
Chlorpheniramine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Number of persons purchased
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Price per prescription (USD)
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Epinephrine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Epinephrine
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Pilocarpine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Number of persons purchased
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Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 1,624 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Bupivacaine hydrochloride bupivacaine hydrochloride and epinephrine, Marcaine marcaine with epinephrine, Marcaine with epinephrine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine, Sensorcaine sensorcaine-mpf sensorcaine-mpf, Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine hci and epinephrine)
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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28,767 adverse events reported
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