Apraclonidine
Apraclonidine, Iopidine (apraclonidine) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Apraclonidine was first approved as Iopidine on 1987-12-31. It is used to treat ocular hypertension in the USA. The pharmaceutical is active against alpha-2C adrenergic receptor and alpha-2A adrenergic receptor.
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Events Timeline
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Events
FDA approval date
EMA approval date
Patent expiration date
Study first post date
Last update post date
Start date
Primary completion date
Completion date
Results first post date
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area | MeSH |
|---|---|
| eye diseases | D005128 |
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Apraclonidine, Iopidine
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name | Status | Last Update |
|---|---|---|
| apraclonidine | NDA authorized generic | 2024-10-02 |
| apraclonidine hydrochloride | 2009-03-25 | |
| apraclonidine ophthalmic | ANDA | 2022-07-01 |
| iopidine | New Drug Application | 2021-10-07 |
| iopidine 1% | New Drug Application | 2023-07-31 |
Indications
FDA
EMA
Indication | Ontology | MeSH | ICD-10 |
|---|---|---|---|
| ocular hypertension | EFO_1001069 | D009798 | H40.0 |
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
No data
HCPCS
No data
Clinical
Clinical Trials
7 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facial paralysis | D005158 | — | G51.0 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| Synkinesis | D046608 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| Facial nerve diseases | D005155 | — | G51 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| Bell palsy | D020330 | EFO_0007167 | G51.0 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 3
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glaucoma | D005901 | EFO_0000516 | H40 | — | — | 1 | — | 3 | 4 |
| Ocular hypertension | D009798 | EFO_1001069 | H40.0 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
| Exfoliation syndrome | D017889 | EFO_0004235 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Erythema | D004890 | — | L53.9 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myasthenia gravis | D009157 | EFO_0004991 | G70.0 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Muscle weakness | D018908 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 1
No data
Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open-angle glaucoma | D005902 | EFO_0004190 | H40.1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 |
| Inflammation | D007249 | MP_0001845 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | Apraclonidine |
| INN | apraclonidine |
| Description | Apraclonidine is an imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. It has a role as an alpha-adrenergic agonist, an antiglaucoma drug, an ophthalmology drug, a beta-adrenergic agonist and a diagnostic agent. It is a member of imidazolines, a dichlorobenzene and a member of guanidines. It is a conjugate base of an apraclonidine(1+). |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | — |
| Image (chem structure or protein) |  |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | Nc1cc(Cl)c(N=C2NCCN2)c(Cl)c1 |
Identifiers
| PDB | — |
| CAS-ID | 66711-21-5 |
| RxCUI | — |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL647 |
| ChEBI ID | 2788 |
| PubChem CID | 2216 |
| DrugBank | DB00964 |
| UNII ID | 843CEN85DI (ChemIDplus, GSRS) |
Target
Agency Approved
ADRA2C
ADRA2C
ADRA2A
ADRA2A
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
ADRA2C
Gene synonyms
ADRA2L2, ADRA2RL2
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
Protein synonyms
adrenergic, alpha-2C-, receptor, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor subtype C4, Alpha-2C adrenoceptor, Alpha-2C adrenoreceptor, Alpha-2CAR, alpha2-AR-C4
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Adra2c (11553)
alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (Q01337)
Alternate
No data
Variants
No data
Financial
Revenue by drug
$
€
£
₣
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Estimated US medical usage
Apraclonidine
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Number of persons purchased
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Number of purchases
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Refill frequency
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Price per prescription (USD)
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Tabular view
Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 760 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
No Black-box warning
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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197 adverse events reported
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