Alprazolam
Alprazolam, Xanax (alprazolam) is a small molecule pharmaceutical. Alprazolam was first approved as Xanax on 1982-01-01. It is used to treat agoraphobia, depressive disorder, and panic disorder in the USA. It is known to target gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5, and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3.
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Commercial
Therapeutic Areas
Therapeutic Area | MeSH |
|---|---|
| mental disorders | D001523 |
Trade Name
FDA
EMA
Alprazolam, Xanax (discontinued: Alprazolam, Niravam)
Drug Products
FDA
EMA
Labels
FDA
EMA
Brand Name | Status | Last Update |
|---|---|---|
| alprazolam | ANDA | 2027-07-31 |
| alprazolam c-iv | ANDA | 2025-06-02 |
| alprazolam intensol | 2006-01-04 | |
| alprazolam odt c-iv | ANDA | 2025-08-22 |
| alprazolam xr | NDA authorized generic | 2011-04-12 |
| gabazolamine | unapproved drug other | 2011-08-18 |
| gabazolamine-0.5 | unapproved drug other | 2011-08-01 |
| niravam | New Drug Application | 2011-04-19 |
| sentrazolam am | unapproved drug other | 2011-08-01 |
| xanax | New Drug Application | 2024-04-15 |
Indications
FDA
EMA
Agency Specific
FDA
EMA
No data
Patent Expiration
No data
HCPCS
No data
Clinical
Clinical Trials
107 clinical trials
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Indications Phases 4
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy volunteers/patients | — | — | — | 29 | — | — | 1 | — | 30 |
| Anxiety disorders | D001008 | EFO_0006788 | F41.1 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 21 |
| Panic disorder | D016584 | EFO_0004262 | F41.0 | 1 | 2 | — | 7 | — | 10 |
| Anxiety | D001007 | EFO_0005230 | F41.1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 6 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | D000098647 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 6 |
| Drug misuse | D000076064 | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 3 |
| Drinking behavior | D004327 | EFO_0004315 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 |
| Cataract extraction | D002387 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Psychomotor agitation | D011595 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| Female genital diseases | D005831 | EFO_0009549 | N85 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 |
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Indications Phases 3
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seizures | D012640 | — | G40.4 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | 3 |
| Depression | D003863 | — | F33.9 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 2 |
| Dementia | D003704 | EFO_0003862 | F03 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Psychophysiologic disorders | D011602 | — | F45.9 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Schizophrenia | D012559 | EFO_0000692 | F20 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Somatoform disorders | D013001 | — | F45 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorders | D013313 | EFO_0001358 | F43.1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
Indications Phases 2
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epilepsy | D004827 | EFO_0000474 | G40.9 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | 4 |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | D003922 | EFO_0001359 | E10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 3 |
| Migraine disorders | D008881 | EFO_0003821 | G43 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
| Pharmacokinetics | D010599 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 |
| Headache | D006261 | — | R51 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Migraine without aura | D020326 | EFO_0005296 | G43.0 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Migraine with aura | D020325 | EFO_0005295 | G43.1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | D003920 | EFO_0000400 | E08-E13 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Dental anxiety | D016854 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| Myocardial infarction | D009203 | EFO_0000612 | I21 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
Show 7 more
Indications Phases 1
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypoglycemia | D007003 | — | E16.2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 |
| Food-drug interactions | D018565 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Crush injuries | D000071576 | — | T14.8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Autonomic nervous system diseases | D001342 | EFO_0009532 | G90 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Primary dysautonomias | D054969 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Asthma | D001249 | EFO_0000270 | J45 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Substance-related disorders | D019966 | EFO_0003890 | F13 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Recreational drug use | D000084783 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Delirium | D003693 | — | R41.0 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Emergence delirium | D000071257 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
Show 9 more
Indications Without Phase
Indication | MeSH | Ontology | ICD-10 | Ph 1 | Ph 2 | Ph 3 | Ph 4 | Other | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute kidney injury | D058186 | — | N17 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Coronary angiography | D017023 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Preanesthetic medication | D011229 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Sleep wake disorders | D012893 | — | G47 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Parasomnias | D020447 | — | G47.5 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Anorexia | D000855 | — | R63.0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Anorexia nervosa | D000856 | EFO_0004215 | F50.0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Pure autonomic failure | D054970 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Postpartum depression | D019052 | EFO_0007453 | F53.0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
| Essential tremor | D020329 | EFO_0003108 | G25.0 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 |
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Epidemiology
Epidemiological information for investigational and approved indications
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Drug
General
| Drug common name | Alprazolam |
| INN | alprazolam |
| Description | Alprazolam is a member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. It has a role as an anxiolytic drug, an anticonvulsant, a muscle relaxant, a sedative, a GABA agonist and a xenobiotic. It is a triazolobenzodiazepine and an organochlorine compound. |
| Classification | Small molecule |
| Drug class | Benzodiazepine |
| Image (chem structure or protein) |  |
| Structure (InChI/SMILES or Protein Sequence) | Cc1nnc2n1-c1ccc(Cl)cc1C(c1ccccc1)=NC2 |
Identifiers
| PDB | — |
| CAS-ID | 28981-97-7 |
| RxCUI | — |
| ChEMBL ID | CHEMBL661 |
| ChEBI ID | 2611 |
| PubChem CID | 2118 |
| DrugBank | DB00404 |
| UNII ID | YU55MQ3IZY (ChemIDplus, GSRS) |
Target
Agency Approved
No data
Alternate
BRD4
BRD4
Organism
Homo sapiens
Gene name
BRD4
Gene synonyms
HUNK1
NCBI Gene ID
Protein name
bromodomain-containing protein 4
Protein synonyms
chromosome-associated protein, female sterile homeotic related gene 4, mitotic chromosome-associated protein, Protein HUNK1
Uniprot ID
Mouse ortholog
Brd4 (57261)
bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Q9ESU6)
Variants
No data
Financial
Estimated US medical usage
Alprazolam
Total medical expenditures per year (USD, in millions)
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Number of persons purchased
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Number of purchases
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Refill frequency
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Trends
PubMed Central
Top Terms for Disease or Syndrome:
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Additional graphs summarizing 10,992 documents
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Safety
Black-box Warning
Black-box warning for: Alprazolam, Alprazolam c-iv, Alprazolam odt c-iv, Xanax
Adverse Events
Top Adverse Reactions
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69,368 adverse events reported
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